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“Individual trauma results from an event, series of events, or set of circumstances that is experienced by an individual as physically or emotionally harmful or life threatening and that has lasting adverse effects on the individual’s functioning and mental, physical, social, emotional, or spiritual well-being.”
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2012​
​​"Traumatic events are extraordinary, not because they occur rarely, but rather because they overwhelm the ordinary human adaptations to life. Unlike commonplace misfortunes, traumatic events generally involve threats to life or bodily integrity, or a close personal encounter with violence and death. They confront human beings with the extremities of helplessness and terror, and evoke the responses of catastrophe.”
Dr. Judith Herman, Trauma and Recovery, 2022
"Trauma is a term used to describe the challenging emotional consequences that living through a distressing event can have for an individual. Traumatic events can be difficult to define because the same event may be more traumatic for some people than for others."
​CAMH, 2024
"Trauma is an experience, or pattern of experiences, that impairs the functioning of the person's stress-response system, making it more reactive or sensitive."
​Perry, 2023